Chemical element active in the melting process of steel by the addition of lime. Calcium combines with phosphorus and sulfur, allowing the removal of these elements from the steel through slag. It is also an element that is used for the inclusionary treatment: formation of liquid inclusions or modification in morphology of aluminas, so that…
DetailsIt consists of the size, morphology and distribution of carbides in the steel matrix. The distribution of carbides in microstructure of tool steels is of vital importance, since a homogeneous distribution improves the properties such as resistance to wear, toughness and machinability.
DetailsThese are types of steels where the carbon is the principal component in addition to iron and manganese. They are malleable, flexible steels and can adopt any shape. The process of carbon steels is simple. The raw carbon steel is placed in blocks that are hot-rolled, thus allowing the carbon to act and the steel…
DetailsIt is a surface heat treatment based on a thermochemical diffusion on the surface of the piece. It is a simultaneous surface enrichment in carbon and nitrogen. It consists of the maintenance of the pieces at a certain temperature in a liquid or gaseous medium capable of supplying carbon and nitrogen. Small amounts of carbon…
DetailsThis consists of the combination of quenching and tempering at a temperature higher than 500ºC. The objective is an optimum relationship between resistance and tenacity. In carburisation, the possible increase in the brittleness is an aspect to be taken into account.
DetailsSurface thermal treatment consisting of a surface carburation to modify the chemical composition of the surface layer, enriching it in Carbon, in order to obtain that pieces with low level of hardness in the nucleus (but high toughness) can acquire a high hardness in surface . The steps for case-hardeninng will be surface carburation and…
DetailsThey are low carbon alloyed steels intended for carburization or carbonitriding and for further case-hardening treatment. After the treatment they are characterized by a surface layer of high hardness and a core of high toughness. The case-hardened layer after the treatment has a thickness between 0.5 and 1.5 mm which provides a surface hardness of…
DetailsCast iron or gray cast iron is the ferric metal with a carbon content over 2%; that is, a percentage of carbon above the maximum limit of carbon saturation in the austenite. The cast iron that presents precipitated graphite is the one of greater industrial application, since this precipitated graphite provides the material with machinability,…
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