Steels subjected to the forging process: heating at a temperature between 800 and 1200 ° C (higher than the austenization temperature) and formed by presses with open matrix (free forging) or with closed matrix (hot stamping).
The purpose of the forging is to improve the microstructure of the steel, eliminating physical and chemical heterogeneities that come from the as-cast.
For the removal of internal stresses remaining in the steel after the forging process and homogenizing the microstructure, thermal treatments such as the normalized are used.